U.s. Department Of State And The United States Agency Of...

The U.S. Department of State and the United States Agency of International Development (USAID) has published five strategic goals.1 Under these goals they have formulated a total of thirteen objectives to give the strategy a more specific direction. In these strategic objectives there is representation of Wilsonian, Hamiltonian, Jeffersonian, and Jacksonian ideals. Current U.S. foreign policy certainly has a strong Wilsonian flavor. However, Wilson’s theory alone does not accurately portray U.S. foreign policy in the 21st Century. I will present examples of the other main political policy ideals and practices (Hamiltonian, Jeffersonian, and Jacksonian) in twenty-first century U.S. foreign relations. Woodrow Wilson was the 28th President of the United States and held the office from 1913-1921. He became known as â€Å"the Crusader† and earned the label for his passionate belief that America should be a beacon of liberty and aggressively pursue the spread of democracy throughout the world. Wilson felt America could prosper economically and develop a community of international security through the promotion of democracy to other nations. In his book Diplomacy, Former U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger says, President Woodrow Wilson’s foreign policy (Known as Wilsonianism), â€Å"It is above all to the drumbeat of Wilsonian idealism that American foreign policy has marched since his watershed presidency, and continues to march to this day.†2 Strategic Objective 2.4 â€Å"Overcome GlobalShow MoreRelatedSchool Related Gender Based Violence1151 Words   |  5 PagesRecent developments: Each child has the privilege to education and the advantages it brings. In the developing world, a training can change a youngster s life and help to break the cycle of poverty. 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They serve as the pre sident’s principal trade advisor, negotiator, and spokespersonRead MoreThe Bretton Woods Agreement1229 Words   |  5 Pagesthe founding of the Bretton Woods agreement at the conclusion of World War II, the United States (US) has participated in development at a substantial level. During the Cold War, it was in the best interest of the US to give aid to countries that could potentially be swayed to join or ally with the Soviet Union. Once the wall came down and the Soviet Union imploded, the US cut back on investments in aid and development. This reduction in aid lasted until the attacks on September 11th, which broughtRead MoreThe Small Business Administration ( Sba )1236 Words   |  5 Pageswas created on July 30, 1953, by President Eisenhower with the signing of the Small Business Act. When it was created, there are some presidents want to stop it and some presidents want to develop it. Therefore, we also can see it active in the United States government on today. In th is paper, I will through the background of The Small Business Administration (SBA) to introduce what type of organization is it? What does the organization do? Who is the target population for the organization? ThroughRead MoreUnited States President1293 Words   |  5 PagesThe President is not only the head of state and government in the United States; he is also the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. The President, according to the constitution, is supposed to be responsible for carrying out and enforcing the laws created by Congress. The executive branch is made up of many departments. There are fifteen executive departments that are led by a chosen member. These departments are joined with other agencies like the CIA and EPA to fulfill daily requirements. TheRead MoreThe Global Air Transport Industry1515 Words   |  7 Pagesbanks and restaurants. 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Keywords: Terrorist, agencies, protections, training U.S. Customs and Border Protection Read MoreHuman Trafficking And The United States Essay751 Words   |  4 PagesFACT SHEET Human trafficking in the United States Human trafficking, also known as trafficking in persons or modern day slavery, is an affront to the most basic of human freedoms. Human trafficking is a crime that strikes at the very heart of the American promise: freedom. In response to this abhorrent crime, government agencies and nongovernmental organizations have formed strong and growing partnerships aimed at ending this violation of fundamental civil rights and human dignity. 1. WhatRead MoreRoles Of Law Enforcement And Intelligence1503 Words   |  7 Pagesdarkest, days in United States history. It is a day in the history of our country in which everyone remembers where they were and what they were doing when they heard the news that two planes had flown into the World Trade Center in New York City, taking out both of the Twin Towers. All in all there were close to 3,000 people who lost their lives on that fateful day between New York City, Washington DC, and Pennsylvania. This was the worst terrorist attack that the United States had ever seen. TheRead MorePreventing Terrorism Through Providing Nuclear Security1501 Words   |  7 PagesProviding Nuclear Security The Department of Homeland Security was initiated as a result of the worst terrorist attack in United States history, September 11th, 2001, with the purpose of providing protection for the American people from a wide variety of terrorist threats. On March 24th and 25th, 2014, President Barack Obama along with 52 other world leaders travelled to The Hague, Netherlands for the 2014 Nuclear Security Summit. While there the President stated in the U.S. National Progress Report

Sister Maude Free Essays

Sister Maude In this essay I am going to write about called sister maude. Sister maude is about two sisters who don’t really get along very well, also this poet is ambigious becase the poem is unclear the reader does not now how the my dear died or the parents and the my shame, also this poem is written in (1830 – 1894) by christina Rossetti. The propse of the poem is to describe how jelousy sisters cuased a death of another. We will write a custom essay sample on Sister Maude or any similar topic only for you Order Now Christina Rossetti uses a range of techniques to show the feelings of the sisters. In Sister Maude the sister’s crime becomes a matter of good and evil. Christina Rossetti uses a range of techniques such as oxymoron a qoute to prove this is â€Å"comeliest corpse† the poet has used two opposite feelings together,the letter â€Å"c† is a plosive and echoes her anger to her sister Muade, also â€Å"comeliest corspe† and suggest that even as a corpse, he is still handsome enough and worthy to embrace the queen,in the second stanza it shows the narrators passion for her dead lover. His once beautiful hair is now â€Å"clotted†, also the writer uses letters â€Å"c† to show alliterations to show to her sister, sister Maude. Another technique used by Christina Rossetti is alliteration, the poet has used alliteration such as â€Å"cold he lies, as cold as a stone with clotted curls about her face† the letter â€Å"c† is a plosive and echoes her anger, also the quote says â€Å"cold he lies as cold as stone†this is the first thing you notice that the my dear died because it say cold he lies as cold as stone, alliteration’s used in the last two lines â€Å"sister Maude oh sister Maude, bide you with death and sin† also the quote used by the poet is angry with sister Maude that is why he used repetition How to cite Sister Maude, Papers

An Evaluation of Core Inflation Measures

Question: Task a) Explain how economists define and measure inflation. Identify the costs and potentially damaging effects of inflation in an economy. Illustrate your answer with real-life examples wherever possible.? b) Explain how the government can attempt to control inflation and illustrate the potentially damaging effect that such policies might have on the countrys unemployment rate in the short-run.? c) Effective communication and presentation? Answer: Introduction Inflation is a macroeconomic phenomenon. It is majorly observed in almost all the countries. It is a growing topic of discussion now days. In case of macro economics, we mainly deal with the problems of economic decision making in an aggregate level. It is found that the study of inflation is intuitively related with other macroeconomic issues like unemployment, poverty etc. In our daily life, we can observe that the rate of inflation severely affect the purchasing power of a person. It causes devaluation of money in the bank (Armour, 2006). Doing savings is a huge loss in the economy. Thus it encourages investment purpose. This is a good effect upon the economy. Again in case of Governments side they have to provide the dearness allowance to the people. Again the price of the goods and services increases (Aucremanne, 2001). We know, C=Consumption Expenditure, I= Investment expenditure, G= Government expenditure So, as Y = C + I + G, where Y = income As C, I, G all increase the aggregate expenditure increases. But the income does not increase initially. So, Income is less then expenditures. Thus budget deficit occurs in the economy. Now as I increases, investment also occurs in case of capital goods which upgrade the technology of production. This indirectly pushes up the level of production thus increasing the national income. This is the cyclical process of the economy through which a minimum level of inflation is always maintained. When the inflation increases rapidly, suitable policy changes need to occur. Here point to be noted that the monetary policy is solely determined by the central bank authority of the economy. But to properly control the inflation, a proper adjustment in monetary (which is taken by central bank) and fiscal (which is taken by the government) as well as the Balance of payments (Bekaert and Wang, 2010). Definition of Inflation: Inflation is generally considered to be an increase in the general price level. If we consider an example, we can explain it properly. Suppose an apple costs 10 USD. Now suppose there will be 10% inflation. So the new price of that apple will be now (10+ 10 % of 10) = 10+1 =11 USD. But the income of a person does not increase in that amount. So, the person who bought the apple at 10 USD will have to buy the same in 11 USD with the same amount of income he earns. So what we can see is that the purchasing power of the persons income diminishes (Camba-Mendez and Kapetanios, 2005). Depending upon the rapidity of the inflation and obviously considering the magnitude of the economy we can divide them in various ways (Gagnon, n.d.). Firstly we may consider the general price increase that is the positive inflation often observed in almost every economy (Granville, 2013). Secondly, there occurs an incidence like deflation, in the economy. It puts a general downward pressure on the price level. That means, deflation refers such a situation where the general price level goes down. Apparently it is good for the common people as diminishing price level make them richer with the existing level of money they could access. But the economy as a whole suffers due to this deflation. For example, as deflation occurs, the laborers of a firm may be happy due to increasing purchasing power, but the entrepreneurs of the companies will suffer as the profit level diminishes. It causes difficulties in the path of generating capital. This lower capital accumulation occurring in the economy makes further capital accumulation in the business process thus making it difficult to expand the company further. This creates unemployment also, as it diminishes the demand for labour (Gupta and Saxegaard, 2009). Thirdly, there occur hyperinflations sometimes in a few economies. It is a kind of positive inflation. But the magnitude is very high. The rapid pace of inflation which often gets noticed in the third world countries is the way how hyperinflation occurs. There are various reasons behind this occurring of hyperinflation. One of the most important reasons is losing faith of ones own countrys currency. It implies people are less interested to hold the promissory notes printed by the Government. So they try to exchange them with the foreign currency, as government himself does not honor own currency. So, the supply of the domestic currency increases in the foreign exchange market which causes to deteriorate the price level of the domestic currency due to this excess supply. It has been observed in Zimbabwe in the year of 2008. The rate of inflation was 8 billion %. This amount of magnitude is generally termed as Hyperinflation (Haugen and Musser, 2011). Fourthly, we consider the situation where stagflation occurs. Here the term stagflation refers to such a situation where inflation along with a stagnant economic situation is observed. It is majorly a phenomenon of the third world countries. There along with the inflation a lower economic growth is also noticed in those countries (Inflation and unemployment in economies in transition, 2000). When an economy goes through a stagnation period it is observed that the production level in the economy on an aggregate deteriorates. This is mainly the time for no economic growth or negative economic growth. It causes no new opportunity for generating employment (Jossa and Musella, 1998). This is the worst situation observed in the economy as there is no usual tools which can cure the issue of stagnation. Generally we use the techniques to control inflation makes unemployment in the economy. Now if inflation occurs along with the already negative growth of the economy then the situation becomes worse as it is really very tough to control them together (Kim and Lin, 2012). The tools to control the stagnancy of the economy more employment should be generated. That is why capital should be accumulated in ample amount as the economy started to grow with the pace of growth of its industrial sector. Now if the industries expand, the demand for labour will create employment which is good for that stagnant economy to achieve economic growth. But if there is huge inflation, the price level deteriorates which causes to shrink the accumulated capital level of the industry (Kolb, 2008). This will cause the contraction of the economy. So we can se that the two situation inflation and stagnation are complementary to each other. So, now if they happen simultaneously the contraction of the economy occurs which challenge the policy makers to make the economy out of this stagflation (Le Bihan and Sdillot, 2000). Measures of inflation: There are majorly two ways in which we can measure the economys inflation rate. At first the way we consider that how the inflation has occurred or why they have occurred. Depending upon this we can divide the ways of measurement of this inflation (Lehmann, 2011). Inflation is majorly of two types as par their reasons. Those are - Demand Pull Inflations and Cost Pull Inflations. Demands pull Inflations: When market demand for goods and services is so high compared to its supply it causes an upward pressure on the economy to push up the price from the initial level to a higher level. This is called the demand pull inflation, as the excess demand pull the price of the goods and services so that inflation occurs. This is often observed in the developing as well as developed economy. It causes the economy to face the inflationary pressure in the commodity markets (Mishkin, 2007). Costs push Inflation: It happens in the economy as the production cost of the economy increases. If the cost of inputs increases, it will cause to increase the production cost. This is majorly happened when the labour union puts intense pressure to the authority to increase their wages (Moffitt, 2014). It will cause the authority to push the economy to increase the price of the goods and services. So that why inflation occurs in the economy. It makes the products dearer to all the customers even whose wages have been increased. Though their purchasing power increases due to increase in their own income, still they suffer as the inflation caused by them lowers their purchasing power making them poorer (Novak et al., n.d.). Measures of Inflation: Consumer Price Index: It has been observed in the UK that Consumer Price Index is considered to be the official measure of inflation. It is based upon Harmonized Consumers Price Index. It includes tax but excludes the mortgage payments. It also takes under consideration few of financial services which are generally being out of the RPI estimation (Risa, n.d.). CPIH: It majorly depends upon CPI. But the cost of housing payments and the payments regarding mortgages are considered as CPIH. The weight of the CPIH account is the OOH i.e. Owner Occupiers Cost. Among them the interest payments in the mortgages are major house hold expenditures which acquires a major part of the Owner Occupiers Cost (Smith, 2009). CPIY: This is a major tool of measuring the inflation, but it excludes the impact of the indirect taxes. For example, the Value added taxes and the excise duty is excluded from this measure (Svensson, n.d.). CPI-CT: It is mostly like CPIY. The only way they differ from each other, is that in case of CPI-CT the rate of the indirect taxes are assumed to be constant overtime (Tillmann, 2013). Core Inflation: This measure is generally used in case of food inflation. It majorly strips away the up-downs of the price level of the commodities. The basket of goods taken under consideration in case of this measure is very smaller compared to the others (Warne and Vredin, 2006). Whole sell Price Index: It is another measure of inflation. But it majorly takes into account comparatively more bundles in case of the economy we consider for measuring the inflation rate. Gross Domestic Product deflator: It also normalize the price value of the national production of goods and services so that we can understand the real value of them and take the proper policy to increase that, as the increasing amount due to inflation is worthless, not needed for any economic decision making. What only needed is the real value of goods and services which is properly measured by Gross Domestic Product Deflator, for the economic decision making, by just sucking away the inflationary rise in the price level. Retail Price Index (RPI): It is mainly the economic measure used earlier as an important tool for measuring inflation. RPI changes more rapidly than that of CPI. Many factors were used to be included in this measuring tool. It causes the economy to specify the economic findings to ensure the inclusion of the factors like cost of housing, the council tax, the interest payments in mortgages etc. RPIX: It is quite similar with CPI but not exactly the same with that of CPI. It is mainly the retail Price Index. But the interest payments of the mortgages are excluded in case of the RPIX. RPIJ: It is the retailed Price Index too. But the geometrically calculated mean is internationally more recognized. So we can observe above that there are ample no. of measurement tools to calculate the rate of inflation prevailing in the economy. The most important tools have been discussed here in the above analysis. Most of the existing economies of the world use the above techniques. They measure and evaluate the inflationary pressure on their own economies by the above tools taking under consideration. They take various new monetary policies to make relieve the economies from that existing inflationary pressure as they make them poorer with comparatively less increased level of national income, as it makes them poorer with the same money, but with lesser monetary values. This is majorly the problem of the developing economies of the third world countries. The cost and damaging effects of inflation: There are different types of costs incurred due to the existence of the inflation. At first we divide inflation as par its occurrence. It is majorly divided as expected inflation and unexpected inflation. The costs of expected inflation have been discussed below. Shoe leather cost: If people would anticipate that the economy will be going through the phase of inflation, it means to them that the cost of holding money is going to increase day by day in the near future. So, he will try to maximize his utility by keeping the money in th bank, as holding money in hand gives nothing, while putting it in bank will give a small amount of interest. So, they increase the no. of withdrawals thus making it more regular to visit the nearest bank so that it will cause him to get retarded the sole of his shoe. Thus the cost of growing no. of trips is called Shoe leather cost. It not only increases for a particular person but it increases for the economy as a whole. This is a very important cost of expected inflation. Menu cost: It is one of the major costs incurred due to inflation. If price of the inputs increases it causes cost push inflation. If price of the goods and services increases, it results from the demand pull inflation. Both of them increase the price of the foods in the restaurants. It makes them too frequently change the catalogs of the foods as their price changes frequently. This costs are called menu cost which is the results of inflation. Burden of increasing relative prices: Suppose the real value of a good is P/P0. When inflation occurs the price becomes P/P1 where P1 P0. So we see that though the nominal value of the good does not change, the relative price of it changes so much so that the people feel themselves poorer while availing the good after inflation. Tax Burden: The tax imposed on the people is not considered into the inflation. But increasing the slab of it also creates a pressure on already inflation existing economy, making the purchasing power of the people lower as to compare the economy without the inflationary pressure. It will be the people in the economy who suffers from this issue while tax is imposed on them as the slabs of the tax rate does not consider the inflationary pressure persisting on the economy. Now we will discuss the tax burden occur in case of anticipated inflation. Arbitrary redistribution of wealth: Unanticipated inflation damaged the economy in various ways. One of them is arbitrarily redistributing income of the people among the economy as a whole. For example, in case of long term loan, a certain amount of inflation is anticipated this is taken under consideration. But the economy as a whole suffers for it. The reason is that the anticipation varies with the actual rate of inflation. If it creates inflation in the economy more than that is anticipated, it will make the creditor benefitted as he has to pay fewer amounts in the money value terms than that he would have to pay. If the inflation rate would not be as high as anticipated, the debtor will be beneficial as he would receive the amount more than he was supposed to receive, in value terms. Deferred Earnings: The people will be suffered who gets fixed pensions. Here point to be noted that the pension is not fully sponsored by government. It is a deferred earning by the patients so he or she will suffer if the inflation occurs more than what is anticipated when he was doing jobs. It will be made sure that he will be getting lower purchasing power with that same level of deferred earnings due to this unanticipated income. Government policies to control over inflation: There are different policies which can be adopted by the government to control the rate of inflation persisting in the economy. But it majorly depends upon the economic condition of a particular country. It varies from country to country depending upon the nature of the development of the various countries. Contractionary Monetary Policy: By this way government want to control the money supply actually. There are majorly three ways to execute the policies. One is to increase the interest rate by the central bank of that particular country at which banks borrow from the governments. It compels them to increase the rate at which the y lend money to the common people. It makes the supply of money lower for the economy. There are terms named reserved requirement ratio at which the commercial banks have to put money to the central banks. Now if central bank increases the ratio, the money for borrowing by the common people from the commercial banks eventually decreases. If the rate of interest paid in case of bonds gets increased it makes the investors to buy those bonds. In this way the excess money are sucked away from the market to control the inflation. Inflation and unemployment: There is a very crucial relation between inflation and unemployment which gets hampered by the different policies taken by the governments. The tradeoff between inflation and unemployment is generally measured by the Phillips curve. The policies taken to control the inflation induces unemployment so that we have to make balance between these two issues. That is why it is observed in the economy in the short run that a natural level of unemployment always persists. If people can anticipate the upcoming inflation then to retard the growth of unemployment is to actualize the anticipated income. Unemployment rate = natural rate of unemployment a (Actual inflation expected inflation) This is the short run relation between unemployment and inflation which has been represented in the form of equation. References: Armour, J. (2006). An evaluation of core inflation measures. Ottawa: Bank of Canada. Aucremanne, L. (2001). The use of robust estimators as measures of core inflation. Amsterdam: De Nederlandsche Bank. Bekaert, G. and Wang, X. (2010). Inflation risk and the inflation risk premium. Economic Policy, 25(64), pp.755-806. Camba-Mendez, G. and Kapetanios, G. (2005). Forecasting euro area inflation using dynamic factor measures of underlying inflation. Journal of Forecasting, 24(7), pp.491-503. Gagnon, J. (n.d.). Inflation Regimes and Inflation Expectations. SSRN Journal. Granville, B. (2013). Remembering inflation. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Gupta, S. and Saxegaard, M. (2009). Measures of underlying inflation in Sri Lanka. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund. Haugen, D. and Musser, S. (2011). Unemployment. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Inflation and unemployment in economies in transition. (2000). Economic Modelling, 17(3), p.337. Inflation and unemployment in economies in transition. (2000). Economic Modelling, 17(3), p.337. Jossa, B. and Musella, M. (1998). Inflation, unemployment, and money. Cheltenham, UK: E. Elgar. Kim, D. and Lin, S. (2012). Inflation and Inflation Volatility Revisited. International Finance, 15(3), pp.327-345. Kolb, R. (2008). Encyclopedia of business ethics and society. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Le Bihan, H. and Sdillot, F. (2000). Do core inflation measures help forecast inflation?. Economics Letters, 69(3), pp.261-266. Lehmann, E. (2011). A Search Model of Unemployment and Inflation*. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 114(1), pp.245-266. Lehmann, E. (2011). A Search Model of Unemployment and Inflation*. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 114(1), pp.245-266. Mishkin, F. (2007). Inflation dynamics. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Moffitt, R. (2014). Unemployment benefits and unemployment. IZAWOL. Novak, J., Crone, T., Mester, L. and Khettry, N. (n.d.). Core Measures of Inflation as Predictors of Total Inflation. SSRN Journal. Risa, S. (n.d.). Nominal and Inflation Indexed Yields: Separating Expected Inflation and Inflation Risk Premia. SSRN Journal. Smith, G. (2009). The missing links. [Toronto, ON]: C.D. Howe Institute. Svensson, L. (n.d.). Inflation Forecast Targeting: Implementing and Monitoring Inflation Targets.SSRN Journal. Tillmann, P. (2013). Inflation Targeting and Regional Inflation Persistence: Evidence from Korea.Pacific Economic Review, 18(2), pp.147-161. Warne, A. and Vredin, A. (2006). Unemployment and Inflation Regimes. Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics Econometrics, 10(2).

Public Vs. Private Schooling Essays - Youth, School,

Public Vs. Private Schooling As American support for the public education system dwindles, many parents find the only place for their children to receive a quality education is in a private school. The areas that are most important to a private school are also the ones that seem to be lacking in public schools. These include safety, order, teaching the basics and challenging young minds. Across the nation, public education systems continue to fail students, therefore many have chosen, like myself, to attend private Catholic high schools to receive an education that will better prepare them for college. Overcrowded public high schools have been dealt with the problems of insufficient funding, large class sizes, students who simply refuse to learn and are disruptive. Due to an increase in violent acts committed, many public high schools have instituted low level security measures to ensure the safety of students. The types of security found in these schools include closed campuses, controlled access to the school building and grounds, random drug and metal detector, banning certain types of clothing, and either full or part time security guards have been assigned. How can students be expected to learn and teachers educate in an environment like this? Through personal experience I have found out that it is almost impossible to focus on learning in an atmosphere that is forced to emphasize personal safety rather than education. My first eight years of education were spent at area public schools in and around Chicago, IL. During this time I witnessed approximately 100 fights, 3 teachers being assaulted by students and numerous drug and weapons arrests. Many of these acts were merely boyish fights and left no lasting impression. One incident that has scarred me for life was when a student came to school with a five-inch knife and proceeded to stab an administrator in front of approximately seventy students, myself included. I simply stood there not knowing what to do, too shocked to blink, too terrified to move. The victim recovered fully and the perpetrator, who at the time was fifteen, is now in jail. Is this the atmosphere that children should be placed in to receive the fundamental elements of education that will prepare them for high school and eventually college? There is enough concern about the quality of education in public schools that many private schools have been bombarded with applications in recent years. This is the case with my alma mater, Saint Mary's High School. Run by the Archdiocese of Chicago, it is a small, coeducational, Catholic school located in downtown Chicago, IL. With a graduating class of less than 150, Saint Mary's fosters a college curriculum with small controlled classes and an emphasis on personal, intellectual and religious growth all in a morally sound environment unlike anything found in public schools. The problems facing many public schools are non-existent at most private schools. They have no need to institute security measures because discipline is not a problem. Students know that the school board can expel anyone that hinders learning in the classroom. Disruptive and violent actions are taken seriously and are not tolerated under any circumstance. At Saint Mary's there are various types of honors course s designed for students that have specific interest in a particular subject. There is also a program set up for students to receive not only tutoring but instruction from Midshipmen attending the United States Naval Academy, located only a few blocks from the high school. This type of program not found in any public or private school is one that places Saint Mary's on a far superior level. For those who choose not to take any honors courses there is a challenging curriculum that places students in small classes therefore making learning a very personal experience between teacher and student. I found the most intriguing part of attending Saint Mary's was the emphasis they placed on religion. From the classroom to the athletic field students know that they are representing not only there family but Saint Mary's High School and the whole Archdiocese of Chicago. The mandatory religion classes taught were not focused on right and wrong but how to improve your own personal view of life. T hey challenged us

Health care systems

Health care systems The three main health care systems are socialist, capitalist and communist system. Decisions on which of the three systems to follow mostly depends on the kind of governance in the land. Arguably, the socialist health system is the best of the three health system. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Health care systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because it ensures all the people in the republic get cheap or even free health care. Health is one of the basic necessities of a human being and therefore it would be such that majority of the people in the society are able to access it. According to the principles of World Health Organization, everyone should be able to access good quality health care. This will be well taken care of in scenario of a socialist health system because it is a government policy to have everyone incorporated in this system. Considering that there is a big number of people who cannot afford expensive health care, socialist health system offer a good alternative system of health submission. This means even the poor in the society have their health issues well taken care of. The socialist system is also non-discriminatory in nature, in that even the minority in the society as well as women and children will enjoy available and accessible health care. Economic accessibility is one factor of the socialist system that makes it more suitable than the other systems of health care (Bowling and Ebrahim 17). The government may introduce a flat rate that is affordable to the people in the society this means that all the people are well taken care and medicine is cheaper to them. The fact that due to the low cost of health system in the society few people will be willing to invest in the health sector is an added benefit because people who may just invest in the health sector just to gain profits without the desire to put people’s heath demands first will be minim ized. Advertising Looking for essay on health law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In turn it means that only the people who are conscious about people’s health are in the health system. Ownership of factors of production is controlled by the government in a socialist set up, which means that the government controls the production of the medicine. The centralization of the system ensures that quality and amount is well controlled, which may not be the case in other systems, for example, the capitalist where profits gain is the main driving force. Issues of corruption are also cut out in socialist system because every citizen has a say on to what he/she expects of the system and the system is not controlled by a selected few. Finally, this system can be of benefit to get statistics about the general population that may be beneficial to their planning, for example, a Maternity and Child Welfare Law adopted in Japan helps the government know the number of birth of children, since every pregnancy has to be registered. This system therefore provides the administration with useful information for the purpose of shaping health and child care policy (Spender and Cheris 964). Many countries have adopted this system and modified it to meet their countries mode of operation. This has led to reforms in these countries, like the introduction of compulsory health insurance legislation in Russian in 1991. The American affordable health care Act signed into law in 2009 has its bases on the principle of the socialist system that gives every citizen a chance to get quality health care at affordable costs. However, this health care system has its limitations. Paying of high taxes by the public is one of the main disadvantages as this system calls for the administration to spend so much to support it. There is also problem of distribution of resources, and if not well controlled, this system may be a pro blem since some areas may have an under production, while others face overproduction. Bowling, Ann and Ebrahim, Shah. Handbook of health research methods: investigation, measurement and analysis. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill International. 2005. Print. Spender, Dale and Cheris, Kramarae. Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Education: Health to Hypertension. Routledge: Routledge, 2000. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Health care systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

8 Resume Dos and Donts According to Recruiters

8 Resume Dos and Donts According to Recruiters The best way to write an effective resume has changed over the years. Today’s resume is more focused, and new ideal items have been added and  dropped, according to recruiters. Knowing how to write an effective resume makes it more likely you  will be considered for that perfect job position. These  recruiter tips can help when you’re applying for a job by giving  your application a higher chance of being considered.  1. Skip the Fancy FormattingMany recruiters who work for large companies see resumes via  a tracking system that loads a resume as simple text. These recruiters do not see your fancy formatting. In fact, all that effort you went to may adversely affect the text the recruiter sees, so keep your formatting straightforward unless you send your resume as a PDF file. Recruiters for large companies can ask you to send a formatted version if you get introduced to the hiring manager, so keep a fancy version of your resume if you are called upon to send it.  2.Use the Company NameRecruiters like to know you are actually interested in their specific company. Do a little research and include in your cover letter why you would be a perfect fit for that particular company. Use the company name two times, not just once, to show you are serious. Recruiters say they appreciate that extra effort, which shows that it isn’t just a blanket resume used for different businesses.  3. Leave Out Personal DetailsIncluding a photo with your job application can actually make a recruiter uncomfortable. In addition, the recruiter does not care that you are married or have 2.5 children. Nor does the recruiter want your health history. Unfortunately, many applicants include this information on a resume. Leave it out unless you are applying for a job as a model or actor.  4. Make Sure You QualifyOne good idea is to go through the job listing and match your resume qualifications with the requirements listed in the job description. This way, r ecruiters know up front if you  qualify for consideration. Do not assume that all qualifications are listed- the job listing may be simply a standard template or the listing may be dated. During your interview, you have to opportunity to add to your qualifications to show you are a perfect match for the job.  5. Keep Your Resume ShortRecruiters are not interested in reading a nine page resume. They prefer to know right away if someone  is qualified for a job. Keep it down to one page, and list what’s most important.  6. Leave Out ReferencesThe old style of resume usually included listing two or three references for a job. However, references take up space that could be better used for other things. Once you get a job interview, the recruiter can ask for references if he or she is interested.  7. Don’t Include AgeOlder workers may think they’ll be bypassed for a job because of age. However, this is untrue, particularly if a worker is well-qualified for the job. Just leave out your age. If the recruiter does ask, you probably don’t want to work at that job.  8.  Be Willing to RelocateMany people apply for work in other cities, as people have become more mobile and pursue a job instead of a location. If you’re  applying away from your home base, it may be a good idea to include your willingness to relocate. This shows the recruiter that you are serious about the position.

Manufacturing Technology lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Manufacturing Technology - Lab Report Example The first order of business was to machine the chamfer. The chamfer was created using a High Speed Steel (HSS) tool through tapered turning using the taper turning attachment. The tapering operation was measured for consistency to ensure that the angle or the dimensions were not exceeded beyond the drawing recommended levels. Next, the portion of the job, with the largest diameter was held inside the chuck. The next operation was to rough up the stock billet using the single point tool along with acceptable feed rates and depths of cut. The cutting speed for aluminum is recommended as 75-105 meters per minute (Smith & Peterson, 2008). The rotational speed of the lathe chuck was determined using the formula shown below: In a similar manner, the feed rate was required for determining how fast the piece would be fed to the lathe machine. Two different feed rates were used, one for roughing operations and one for finishing operations (Fox Valley Tech, 2014). The chosen feed rate for roughing was 0.65 mm per minute while the finishing rate chosen was 0.20 mm per minute. The entire stock billet was roughed out in the first series of operations, after which it was measured to determine how much finishing would be required. The finishing operations were carried out to create a stepped piece which would further require an external grooving operation and a chamfering operation on one end. The next operation was creating an external groove. This groove was created using a finer finishing tool with a much slower cutting speed and feed rate to contain accuracy. Once the external groove was machined into place, and measured for consistency at four different points on the circumferential surfaces of the groove, the piece was faced to size. The facing was carried out with the same finishing tool. The final step was to create a M8 thread on the 8mm diameter portion of the job. The piece was centered

Tesco Plc Financial Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tesco Plc Financial Analysis - Coursework Example Furthermore, Tesco operate online sales of product which has seen them expand internationally and get customers all over the world. There are reasons as to why Tesco is customers’ favorite store in the UK. Tesco have got a well analyzed capital structure which supports the growth of business plan with consideration of their expertise in the financial system and cash management. Tesco also has a business that deals in banking. In its finance department, Tesco has schemed on operation of its business and financial strategies which is inclusive on debt, financing, equity, and capital investment. Tesco as a corporation is authorized to give only three categories of capital stock. These categories are unlimited in number and are inclusive of preferred shares, common shares, and the 2nd preferred shares. The common shareholders are permitted to attendance of any meeting and receiving of notice of the Tesco’s shareholders. The common shareholders also have the right to only on e vote. Both the second and first shareholders are known as preferred shareholders. According to the rights of the preferred Shareholders, the common shareholders have gotten the right to receivership of any dividend that has been declared by Tesco Corporation and upon dissolution receive any remnants of Tesco Corporation. Tesco states that their main sources of finance are from medium and long term debts, retained profits, commercial paper, leases, issues and bank borrowings (Tesco 2007). There is a FY Tesco generated 2611 million pounds from their operating activities that financed 3 billion pounds expenditure on capital, inclusive of 1899 million profit that added to retained earnings. Another finance provider is from the shareholders. The company gets financed by debt more than equity. Leases also form a source of financing Tesco, which is a major contributor towards its balance sheet and in its capital structure. The financial strategy of Tesco seems to have moved to a change i n its capital structure hence making equity returns get better by the increase of finance debt in utilizing tax shield. Nevertheless, it seems that it is because of the ratio of debt-equity that there have not been any changes. To support this, by the year 2010, this ratio had actually dropped to approximately 0.11 from 0.12. After debt issues in the balance sheet and sale of property, this level was reinstated to its initial level. By consideration of this ratio, there is a sign that Tesco is not concentrated on improvement of shareholders’ equity return. Taking this to be their major goal, Tesco would have achieved it by the increase of leverage and more debt issue. Instead, they take advantage of conversion of assets into capital with the aim of making the shareholders interested. Question two Question two requires an explanation on what ‘FACTORING FOR BUSINESS’ means and its usefulness in an organization. Factoring for business is a transaction in finance tha t involves selling of a firm’s account receivables. In a detailed level, factoring involves the provision of finance by the factor to the account’s seller in advance cash form (Seidman, 2005). The accounts are always approximately 80 percent of the total price of the accounts purchase, taking into account payment of the purchase price balance, commission and upon collection other charges. The factor may opt for

The spinners investigation Essay Example for Free

The spinners investigation Essay The prediction for this investigation is the shorter the wingspan of the spinner the faster it will fall the 2. 59m to the floor. I think this because with shortening the wingspan Im making the surface area smaller this means less air resistance acting upon it when it is falling. There will be an unbalanced force because gravity will always be the same but the air resistance will get smaller with every half centimetre I cut off, so there will be less area for the air resistance to act upon. The apparatus you need for this experiment are the following things: A paper spinner. A paperclip (to give the spinner some weight) A table to which you can stand on to hold the spinner to the height of 2. 59m (the ceiling) A stop clock A table to record the results (the results are the times taken to reach the floor) In order to make the investigation fair: You will only change the length of the wing span because that is the variable you are using; changing anything else would mean the experiment would be corrupted. The things you have to keep the same are the spinner; you will use the same spinner throughout the experiment. Keep the height the same too. In this investigation you have to count the time taken for the spinner to fall the 2. 59m to the floor from the ceiling and measure the length of the spinner since you change that yourself. When you drop the spinner you take the time taken for it to land using a stop clock, you do this three times and take an average. You can get an exact time taken for it to fall but the stop clock is the best instrument for the job as far as I can decide. The safety issues are important, like when you have to stand on the table to reach the ceiling you should make sure your shoes are suitable and dont have too big a heel. My preliminary work consisted of doing work on unbalanced forces this helped me to come to my prediction about how there would be an unbalanced force acting on the spinner because there would be less air resistance the less surface area there was to act upon. The Method The detailed plan is: To carry out this investigation you would have to do the following: First, you would have to make the spinner, you can make it however you want but there is a spinner for example overleaf. Add a paperclip to give it a little weight. Once the spinner is made you would have to make yourself a results table to fill in. Then you stand on something secure and hold the spinner to the ceiling and have someone ready with a stop clock to press the start button at the precise moment the spinner is dropped from the ceiling and stop the clock once the spinner has reached the floor. As this isnt completely accurate do this three times for every time you change the variable (the wing span). So every time you cut off the half centimetre off the wings (both sides) you should do the particular experiment three times over and find the average. Results Wing Length (cm). Time Taken (s) Time Taken (s) Time Taken (s) Time Taken (s) 1st Time 2nd Time 3rd Time Average   An observation I made during this experiment was when the wingspan got to only 4cm long the amount of air resistance was too small compared to the greater amount of gravity to make the spinner spin and reach a constant speed, it just ended up falling straight to the floor. I didnt change anything through out my investigation. Below is a bar chart of my results and over the page are my results as a line graph. The y-axis is the time taken for the spinner to reach the floor (in seconds) and the x-axis is the length in (centimetres). I have found out through doing this experiment that the smaller the surface area is the quicker something will fall to the floor, this is because the force of gravity doesnt change but as air resistance relies on the surface area and changes to suit the area. If the area is small then the air resistance too is small and if the area is large then the air resistance too is large. This means when the wingspan is smaller the area of the spinner is smaller and with that the air resistance is smaller, smaller than the force of gravity. So if gravity is the larger of the two forces it will pull the spinner to the floor faster and faster as the air resistance gets smaller and smaller. Thats what this investigation has proved. The majority pattern throughout my results is that of, as the surface area of the spinner gets smaller the time taken to reach the floor decreases too. My results and what I have found out match the prediction I made at the beginning before the experiment had been carried out. Evaluation My results or anyone elses can not be 100% accurate because there is always going to be a time delay from when you see the spinner being dropped and when your brain tells your fingers to begin the stop clock. I think I took enough results as I came up with the answer I was looking for and knew was right, but I dont think it would have done much harm doing more results though, but I dont think it would have been necessary to do more. I could have maybe made the range of changing the variable bigger and then do more measurement but then I would have to have made a larger spinner. There was one result that didnt fit into the pattern but I didnt worry too much about it as I had the 2nd and 3rd result to make sure the average wasnt messed up. Also I believe it was just the slow reactions of my partner, starting the stop clock too late after I had dropped the spinner. If I was to repeat this experiment again I would probably try and get a higher height to drop my spinner from I think that would probably improve my results the measurements wouldnt be so small if the height was bigger and that way the graphs would look better and be easier to read. I could also try making spinners out of different materials and see if that affects the time taken to reach the floor any differently.

Pearl Harbor Essay -- essays research papers fc

Attack on Pearl Harbor! Did we know?  Pg #1 Did we know about the attack the occurred in Pearl harbor? Was there any sign or possible way of changing what happened? Did someone or a group of people that could were have been more careful mess up? Or was there some one that knew about the attack or had an idea that it was coming but didn’t say anything? An why did the Japanese choose Pearl Harbor of all place to strike an attack, was their a significance? These are all question you might ask your self in confusion about the attack on Pearl Harbor. In the following I will show you why and how some of these things came about. It was 1941, on a calm, tranquil day in December, until a impulsive, unexpected Japanese air attack on Hawaii brought the united states in to the war. The US pacific fleet which was docked at pearl harbor at the time, unfortunately they were unprepared. That Sunday early around 7:56 am, approximately two weeks after Washington’s warning on the attack. â€Å"Which was a warning received by Washington from the is navy base at pearl harbor.†(#1) Within two hour of the attack, eighteen ships had been sunk or heavily damaged. One hundred and sixty four aircrafts had been destroyed and another one hundred and twenty four damaged, also more than two thousand, four hundred service men had been killed and almost one thousand two hundred wounded. The Japanese crippled the united states fleet in only a loss of twenty nine planes. The Japanese moved in a quick swift pace as they quickly destroyed all of Pearl Harbor. For the US luckily before the attack on Pearl Harbor most of our aircraft carriers and some destroyers left the harbor. One of the advantages besides knowing about the (Quote (# 1) Encyclopedia of World War II pg 9 Grolier education group) attack the Japanese were willing to kill themselves as long as they caused the most damage possible to our fleet. The Japanese had about eight battleships, two carriers, ten heavy and six light cruisers. Our fighter planes were mostly all parked in rows at the army air forces in wheeler field. â€Å"This arrangement made it easy to guard against mischief, it also made them prey for aerial attacks.† #2 The following were the times that the attacks occurred: â€Å"7:55 am dive ... ...d we know about this attack? Could we have at least put a little more effort into ever having this action to occur? If so then why did FDR decide to not make a move? We will maybe never know now, but from the information that I have given and form the books that I have read you can definitely make a good argument about what you think the truth really is. And from all of this written only history can really make that judgment! We will always remember it "As a day in which we live in infamy." Jon Pita’s Bibliography Pearl Harbor Book #1 The encyclopedia of World War II Groiler Education Corporation Sherman Turnpike, Connecticut Pg 8- 27 Book#2 Eyewitness to Infamy An oral history of pearl harbor December 7, 1941 Paul Joseph Travers, 1991 Madison Books New York Book #3 Day of infamy Walter Lord Holt, Rinehard and Winston New York, 1957 Internet source #1 www.google.com/FDR/PearlHarbor Did the US know about the attack on Peal Harbor? Written by Blaine Taylor, 1991 Pearl Harbor Essay -- essays research papers fc Attack on Pearl Harbor! Did we know?  Pg #1 Did we know about the attack the occurred in Pearl harbor? Was there any sign or possible way of changing what happened? Did someone or a group of people that could were have been more careful mess up? Or was there some one that knew about the attack or had an idea that it was coming but didn’t say anything? An why did the Japanese choose Pearl Harbor of all place to strike an attack, was their a significance? These are all question you might ask your self in confusion about the attack on Pearl Harbor. In the following I will show you why and how some of these things came about. It was 1941, on a calm, tranquil day in December, until a impulsive, unexpected Japanese air attack on Hawaii brought the united states in to the war. The US pacific fleet which was docked at pearl harbor at the time, unfortunately they were unprepared. That Sunday early around 7:56 am, approximately two weeks after Washington’s warning on the attack. â€Å"Which was a warning received by Washington from the is navy base at pearl harbor.†(#1) Within two hour of the attack, eighteen ships had been sunk or heavily damaged. One hundred and sixty four aircrafts had been destroyed and another one hundred and twenty four damaged, also more than two thousand, four hundred service men had been killed and almost one thousand two hundred wounded. The Japanese crippled the united states fleet in only a loss of twenty nine planes. The Japanese moved in a quick swift pace as they quickly destroyed all of Pearl Harbor. For the US luckily before the attack on Pearl Harbor most of our aircraft carriers and some destroyers left the harbor. One of the advantages besides knowing about the (Quote (# 1) Encyclopedia of World War II pg 9 Grolier education group) attack the Japanese were willing to kill themselves as long as they caused the most damage possible to our fleet. The Japanese had about eight battleships, two carriers, ten heavy and six light cruisers. Our fighter planes were mostly all parked in rows at the army air forces in wheeler field. â€Å"This arrangement made it easy to guard against mischief, it also made them prey for aerial attacks.† #2 The following were the times that the attacks occurred: â€Å"7:55 am dive ... ...d we know about this attack? Could we have at least put a little more effort into ever having this action to occur? If so then why did FDR decide to not make a move? We will maybe never know now, but from the information that I have given and form the books that I have read you can definitely make a good argument about what you think the truth really is. And from all of this written only history can really make that judgment! We will always remember it "As a day in which we live in infamy." Jon Pita’s Bibliography Pearl Harbor Book #1 The encyclopedia of World War II Groiler Education Corporation Sherman Turnpike, Connecticut Pg 8- 27 Book#2 Eyewitness to Infamy An oral history of pearl harbor December 7, 1941 Paul Joseph Travers, 1991 Madison Books New York Book #3 Day of infamy Walter Lord Holt, Rinehard and Winston New York, 1957 Internet source #1 www.google.com/FDR/PearlHarbor Did the US know about the attack on Peal Harbor? Written by Blaine Taylor, 1991

Does Right to Life Include Right to Die ? Essay

The assignment work bears the imprint of many people, and I express my gratitude to all those who have helped me and rendered their help in all the possible ways in a completion of my assignment.  No work can be successful without the guidance and blessing of elders and this work is no exception. It is a matter of immense pleasure to express my gratitude to my faculty Hon’ble Prof. S. K. Gaur for his guidance and excellent insights which gave direction andfocus to this paper. I thank him for lending his precious time in making this assignment anauthentic piece of work. He regularly guided me. I also owe sincere gratitude to the staff at library for always helping in the process of finding material and other sources for research. I am very grateful to my senior Mr. Animesh Kumar and all the individuals involved in the subgroup for their contributions and assistance in compiling this assignment and the recommendations that go with it: they are the outcome of an open, interactive and creative cooperation. I also thank social networking site for searching the required information in precise and as per needed. How I can forget to give credit and my satisfaction to my friends. My institution and family really supported me throughout in my endeavours to which I am honoured to thank. Protection of Life and Personal Liberty â€Å"Article 21 reads as: No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to aprocedure established by law. † The phraseology may be negative, but it has conferred an obligation on the state to ensure good quality of life and a dignified life to the people, which is the positive aspect of the article. According to Bhagwati, J. , Article 21 â€Å"embodies a constitutional value of supreme importance in a democratic society. †Iyer, J. , has characterized Article 21 as â€Å"the procedural magna cartaprotective of life and liberty. This right has been held to be the heart of the Constitution, the most organic and progressive provision in our living constitution, the foundation of our laws. Article 21 secures two rights: * Right to life; and * Right to personal liberty. The Article prohibits the deprivation of the above rights except according to aprocedure established by law. Article 21 can only be claimed when a person is deprived of his â€Å"life† or â€Å"personal liberty† by the â€Å"State† as defined in Article 12. Violation of the right by a private individual is not within the preview of Article 21. Article 21 applies to natural persons. The right is available to every person, citizen or alien. Thus, even a foreigner can claim this right. Right to Life: An Introduction The term â€Å"life† as mentioned in the Article has been given a broad meaning by theSupreme Court. Right to Life does not merely mean the continuance of a person’s animalexistence but a quality of life. In the case of Kharak Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh, theSupreme Court quoted with approval Field, J. ’s observation in Munn v. Illinois, and held: ‘By the term â€Å"life† as here used something more is meant than mere animal existence. The inhibition against its deprivation extends to all those limbs and faculties by which life is enjoyed. The provision equally prohibits the mutilation of the body by amputation of an arm or leg or the pulling out of an eye, or the destruction of any other organ of the body through which the soul communicates with the outer world. ’ In Sunil Batra v. Delhi Administration, the Supreme Court reiterated with theapproval the above observations and held that the â€Å"right to life† included the right to lead a healthy life so as to enjoy all faculties of the human body in their prime conditions. It would even include the right to protection of a person’s tradition, culture, heritage and all that gives meaning to a man’s life. It includes the right to live in peace, to sleep in peace and the right to repose and health. In P. Rathinam v. Union of India, the Supreme Court defined â€Å"Life† as follows:â€Å"the right to live with human dignity and the same does not connote continued drudgery. It takes within its fold some of the fine graces of civilization which makes life worth living and that the expanded concept of life would mean the tradition, culture and heritage of the person concerned. In Olga Tellis, the Supreme Court has emphasized that the term â€Å"life† in Article 21 is not only restricted to mere animal existence of a person. It means something more and â€Å"the inhibition against the deprivation of life extents to all those limits and faculties by which life is enjoyed. † No Right to Die or Commit Suicide Can the right to life be interpreted to such an extent which leads to its self destruction or self opposition? That is, can it include within its ambit the right not to live or the right to die? The wordEuthanasia comes from the Greek – â€Å"Euthanatos† derived from the words ‘eu’ meaning good and ‘thanatos’meaning death. It is the intentional killing by act or omission of a dependant human being for his or her alleged benefit. Somehow the meaning of Euthanasia is explained in light of suicide while suicide is, many agree, considered as murder except that it is the victim who is the author himself. One of its kinds is assisted suicide which happens when someone provides an individual with the information, guidance, and means to take his or her own life with the intention that they will be used for this purpose. â€Å"The word â€Å"euthanasia† is somewhat ambiguous and has several possible meaning. Hence it is appropriate to explain what we mean by the term whenever it is used. For the purpose of this assignment, euthanasia will mean the act of ending the life of a person from compassionate motives, when he is already terminally ill or, when his suffering has become unbearable† Euthanasia is the intentional premature termination of another person’s life either by direct intervention (active euthanasia) or by withholding life-prolonging measures and resources (passive euthanasia), either at theexpress or implied request of that person (voluntary euthanasia), or in the absence of such approval (non-voluntary euthanasia). Involuntary euthanasia – where the individual wishes to go on living – is aneuphemism for murder. Passive euthanasia is usually defined as withdrawing medical treatment with a deliberate intention ofcausing the patient’s death. For example, if a patient requires kidney dialysis to survive, not giving dialysisalthough the machine is available, is passive euthanasia. Similarly, if a patient is in coma or on a heart lungmachine, withdrawing of the machine will ordinarily result in passive euthanasia. Similarly not giving lifesaving medicines like antibiotics in certain situations may result in passive euthanasia. Denying food to a person in coma may also amount to passive euthanasia. Euthanasia and Suicide were clearly defined in the case NareshMarotraoSakhre v. Union of India J. Lodha stated- â€Å"Suicide by its very nature is an act of self-killing or self-destruction, an act of terminatingone’s own act and without the aid or assistance of any other human agency while Euthanasia or mercy killingon the other hand implies the intervention of other human agency to end the life. Mercy killing is therefore notsuicide and an attempt at mercy killing is not covered by the provisions of Section 309. The two concepts areboth factually and legally distinct. Euthanasia or mercy killing is nothing but homicide whatever thecircumstances in which it is performed. † Section 309 of the Indian Penal Code1860, punishes a person convicted of attempting to commit suicide. There had been difference of opinion on the justification of this provision to continue on the Statute Book. The question came for consideration for first time before the High Court of BombayinState of Maharashtra v. MarutiSripatiDubal. In this case the Bombay High Court heldthat the right to life guaranteed under Article 21 includes right to die, and the Hon’ble High Court struck down Section 309 of the IPC which provides punishment for attempt to commit suicide by a person as unconstitutional. Further in ChennaJagadeeswar v. State of A. P. , the Andhra Pradesh High Court held that the right to die is not a fundamental right under Art. 21 and hence Section 309 of I. P. C is not unconstitutional. In P. Rathinam v. Union of Indiaa Division Bench of the Supreme Court,supporting the decision of the High Court of Bombay in MarutiSripatiDubal Case, heldthat under Article 21 right to life also include right to die and laid down that section 309 of Indian Penal Court which deals with ‘attempt to commit suicide is a penal offence’ unconstitutional. A five-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court in GianKaur v. State ofPunjab,overruled the decision of the Division Bench in the above stated case and has putan end to the controversy and ruled that Section 309 of IPC was neither violative of Article 21nor Article 14. The court held that the â€Å"right to life† under Article 21 did not include â€Å"the right to die. † As observed by Justice J. S. Verma :â€Å"Any aspect of life which makes it dignified may be read into Article 21 of the Constitution but not that which extinguishes it and is therefore inconsistent with the continued existence of life resulting in effacing the right itself†. ‘Right to life’ is a natural right embodied in Art. 21 but suicide is an unnatural termination or extinction of life and, incompatible and inconsistent with the concept of ‘right to life’. Referring to the protagonists of euthanasia’s view that existence in persistent vegetative state was not a benefit to the patient of terminal illness being unrelated to the principle of ‘sanctity of life’ or to the ‘right to live with dignity’ the Court said that this argument was of no assistance to determine the scope of Article 21 of the Constitution for deciding whether the guarantee of ‘right to life’ therein includes the ‘right to die’. The Court made it clear that the ‘right to life’ including the right to live with human dignity would mean the existence of such right upto the end of natural life. This also includes the right to a dignified life upto the point of death including a dignified procedure of death. This may include the right of a dying man to also die with dignity when his life is ebbing out. But the ‘right to die’, with dignity at the end of life is not to be confused with the ‘right to die’ an unnatural death curtailing the natural span of life. The court reiterated that the argument to support the views of permitting termination of life in such cases (dying man who is terminally ill or in a vegetative state) by accelerating the process of natural death when it was certain and imminent was not available to interpret Art. 1 to include therein the right to curtail the natural span of life. ARUNA RAMCHANDRA SHANBAUG v. UNION OF INDIA Recently,Passive euthanasia has been made legal in India. On 7 March 2011 the Supreme Court of India legalised passive euthanasia by means of the withdrawal of life support to patients in a permanent vegetative state. The decision was made as part of the verdict in a case involving ArunaShanbaug, who has been in a vegetative state for 37 years at King Edward Memorial Hospital. Facts: Aruna Ramachandra Shanbaug was a staff Nurse workingin King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai. On the evening of 27th November, 1973 she was attackedby a sweeper in the hospital who wrapped a dog chain around her neck and yanked her back with it. He triedto rape her but finding that she was menstruating, he sodomized her. To immobilize her during this act hetwisted the chain around her neck. The next day on 28th November, 1973 at 7. 45 a. m. a cleaner found herlying on the floor with blood all over in an unconscious condition. It is alleged that due to strangulation by thedog chain the supply of oxygen to the brain stopped and the brain got damaged. She was bed ridden for past 37 years. The Court rejected active euthanasia by means of lethal injection. In the absence of a law regulating euthanasia in India, the court stated that its decision becomes the law of the land until the Indian parliament enacts a suitable law. Active euthanasia, including the administration of lethal compounds for the purpose of ending life, is still illegal in India, and in most countries. While rejecting Pinki Virani’s plea for Aruna Shanbaug’s euthanasia, the court laid out guidelines for passive euthanasia. According to these guidelines, passive euthanasia involves the withdrawing of treatment or food that would allow the patient to live. As India had no law about euthanasia, the Supreme Court’s guidelines are law until and unless Parliament passes legislation. The following guidelines were laid down: 1. A decision has to be taken to discontinue life support either by the parents or the spouse or other close relatives, or in the absence of any of them, such a decision can be taken even by a person or a body of persons acting as a next friend. It can also be taken by the doctors attending the patient. However, the decision should be taken bona fide in the best interest of the patient. 2. Even if a decision is taken by the near relatives or doctors or next friend to withdraw life support, such a decision requires approval from the High Court concerned. 3. When such an application is filed the Chief Justice of the High Court should forthwith constitute a Bench of at least two Judges who should decide to grant approval or not. A committee of three reputed doctors are to be nominated by the Bench who will give report regarding the condition of the patient. Before giving the verdict a notice regarding the report should be given to close relatives and the State. After hearing the parties, the High Court can give its verdict. CONCLUSION Euthanasia, too, is a controversial subject, not only becausethere are many different moral dilemmas associatedwith it, but also in what constitutes its definition. Atthe extreme ends of disagreement, advocates sayeuthanasia, also known as physician aid in dying, orphysician assisted suicide, is a merciful method of death. At the other end are opponents of euthanasia, who mayconsider this method as a form of murder. After the detailstudy of various states legislations and the detail study ofthe cases, still the matteris a question of debate that whether Euthanasia is asuicide or dignified end of life. Many state legalize Euthanasiabut in the high profile state as well as in IndiaEuthanasia is not permitted even after their broaderverdict that right to life means dignified life and this rightto life include dignified end of life too. To provide an ultimate healing touch for the dying, thelogical, the common sense, the compassionate approachfor Euthanasia can be legalized by the interference of lawand legislation for the permissive Euthanasia society. And so far as the misuse is concern it is known that everyboon possesses some curse, even Code of MedicalEthics (Sec. 33 of Indian Medical council Act 1956) mayalso be treated as a safeguard while legalize Euthanasia as a safeguard for the curse. Thus this right to dignified end of life should bebestowed upon the individuals, family, physicians and thesociety at large with necessary dogmatic mechanism. Adecision in time can avoid torment to the dying, canrelease recourses to save other retrievable lives andavert emotional and fiscal agony to the survivors.

Motivation and Emotion

The abstract should be one paragraph of between 150 and 250 words. It is not indented. Section titles, such as the word Abstract above, are not considered headings so they don't use bold heading format. Instead, use the Section Title style. This style automatically starts your section on a new page, so you don't have to add page breaks. Note that all of the styles for this template are available on the Home tab of the ribbon, in the Styles gallery.Keywords: [Click here to add keywords. ] Motivations and Emotions There are five motivations concepts that psychologists use to factor motivation that energize and direct human behavior. The Instincts approach is said to be a set of skills, preprogrammed in people and animals. These skills are biological in nature and programmed into our DNA. Instinct is not something they can be taught, it's an energy that guides various species in specific directions. Some of instincts drive us to reproduce, to birth and raise our children a certain way.D rive-reduction approaches to motivation that energize the behaviors to fill a need. For instance, when you're thirsty the need to drink, or to eat, sleep and we produce. There are also drives that leads us to want to learn or achieve things. Arousal approaches motivates us as humans, to have a certain amount of activity and stimulation. This could be socializing or doing activities and bring out a higher level of arousal. Incentive approaches to motivation the desire to obtain a goal or incentive.This incentive loud be four love, affection, food, sex or another particular goal. Cognitive approaches to motivation is the drive for your own personal enjoyment and satisfaction, rather than a reward that is tangible. This could be motivation of personal pride and satisfaction that physical things may not accomplish. There are five main emotions that drives us: we have love, Joy, anger, sadness, and fear. Love, can give us all of these emotions, when you love someone it brings you Joy.And this love can also cause us to feel sadness, fear and anger. We may worry that somebody will not love us back and this can bring the sadness. You could also be Jealous or angry if somebody does not love us back. Meanwhile, there is one positive emotion about being a returning student here the University of Phoenix and that emotion is pride. As a returning student in my forties, I have so much pride in myself and I know I will not give up on my education. Within a year I will have my degree and no one can take that away from me.This is something that, I Alone, have put in the hard hours for my own personal success. On the other hand, the one negative emotion about returning to school is worry. I worry about everything, from the roof over my head to feeding my family. But, I worry more about school, my grades and completing my assignment of on time. I worry that I may not have what it takes to be a college graduate and do not have the strength to complete my degree. I worry about suc ceeding as a student. The incentive approach to motivation is what will motivate me to complete my degree.Each week I seek out the results of my grades s an incentive and the fulfillment in my motivation to complete my college degree. This incentive helps push and pull me through to the next week. Every week that is completed, is one week closer to achieving goals. When I need extra incentive, I will use of some of sadness and grief of when I previously quit school as a deterrent and a motivator to stay on track. As this previously caused me great sadness and frustration that motivates me to stay in school. Motivation and Emotion The abstract should be one paragraph of between 150 and 250 words. It is not indented. Section titles, such as the word Abstract above, are not considered headings so they don't use bold heading format. Instead, use the Section Title style. This style automatically starts your section on a new page, so you don't have to add page breaks. Note that all of the styles for this template are available on the Home tab of the ribbon, in the Styles gallery.Keywords: [Click here to add keywords. ] Motivations and Emotions There are five motivations concepts that psychologists use to factor motivation that energize and direct human behavior. The Instincts approach is said to be a set of skills, preprogrammed in people and animals. These skills are biological in nature and programmed into our DNA. Instinct is not something they can be taught, it's an energy that guides various species in specific directions. Some of instincts drive us to reproduce, to birth and raise our children a certain way.D rive-reduction approaches to motivation that energize the behaviors to fill a need. For instance, when you're thirsty the need to drink, or to eat, sleep and we produce. There are also drives that leads us to want to learn or achieve things. Arousal approaches motivates us as humans, to have a certain amount of activity and stimulation. This could be socializing or doing activities and bring out a higher level of arousal. Incentive approaches to motivation the desire to obtain a goal or incentive.This incentive loud be four love, affection, food, sex or another particular goal. Cognitive approaches to motivation is the drive for your own personal enjoyment and satisfaction, rather than a reward that is tangible. This could be motivation of personal pride and satisfaction that physical things may not accomplish. There are five main emotions that drives us: we have love, Joy, anger, sadness, and fear. Love, can give us all of these emotions, when you love someone it brings you Joy.And this love can also cause us to feel sadness, fear and anger. We may worry that somebody will not love us back and this can bring the sadness. You could also be Jealous or angry if somebody does not love us back. Meanwhile, there is one positive emotion about being a returning student here the University of Phoenix and that emotion is pride. As a returning student in my forties, I have so much pride in myself and I know I will not give up on my education. Within a year I will have my degree and no one can take that away from me.This is something that, I Alone, have put in the hard hours for my own personal success. On the other hand, the one negative emotion about returning to school is worry. I worry about everything, from the roof over my head to feeding my family. But, I worry more about school, my grades and completing my assignment of on time. I worry that I may not have what it takes to be a college graduate and do not have the strength to complete my degree. I worry about suc ceeding as a student. The incentive approach to motivation is what will motivate me to complete my degree.Each week I seek out the results of my grades s an incentive and the fulfillment in my motivation to complete my college degree. This incentive helps push and pull me through to the next week. Every week that is completed, is one week closer to achieving goals. When I need extra incentive, I will use of some of sadness and grief of when I previously quit school as a deterrent and a motivator to stay on track. As this previously caused me great sadness and frustration that motivates me to stay in school.

The Mayor of Casterbridge essays

The Mayor of Casterbridge essays A common event that happens today is the creation of a movie from a book. More often than not, most people tend to lean towards the book version than the movie version. Many people will not even go and see the movie until they have read the book. Most people find that when they read they are free to imagine what the characters might look like and how they may go about doing the things they do. When the go to see the movie however, they find that the characters are not at all what they thought, and the things they do do not make much sense as they do in the book. In the book The Mayor of Casterbridge by Thomas Hardy, Hardys use of descriptive words helps the reader to picture what he or she imagines the character to look like. It also presented the story in a orderly fashion. In the movie however, we see Sara and the grown Elizabeth Jane walking, as Sara is having flashbacks of what had happened with her husband at the fair. When i first saw this, i did not like it at all. I felt that they should have shown it in order just as it was in the book. But when i thought about it, i realized that by doing it they way they did, it was a bit easier to understand what was going on with Sara and it saved a lot of time as well. ...

Byrons Don Juan

Byrons Don Juan Essay Byrons Don JuanOne writer who has not recieved nearly enough credit for his works isGeorge Gordon, who later became known as Lord Byron. This is the man who wrotehis own poetical version of Don Juan. Don Juan is a man who is known for beingable to arouse the desires of women and to love every one he meets. This DonJuan can be viewed, however, as a loosely disguised biography of Byron. Lord Byrons father, Captain John, has ancestors that go back as far asthe Buruns in the time of William the Conqueror. Back in this time it was verycommon for people to marry their own cousins. Captain John was married threetimes and was considered to be very smooth with the ladies. Byron was born on January 22, 1788 in London, and the following year heand his mother moved to Aberdeen, Scotland. His father soon followed, but itwouldnt be long before he would disappear to France and end up dying in 1791. It was just as well because his parents never got along very well. In Lord Byrons early years he experienced poverty, the ill-temper ofhis mother, and the absence of his father. By 1798 he had inherited the titleof 6th Baron Byron and the estate of Newstead Abbey. Once hearing this news, heand his mother quickly removed to England. All of Byrons passions developed early. In 1803 he had his firstserious and abortive romance with Mary Chaworth. At the age of15 he fellplatonically but violently in love with a young distant cousin, Mary Duff(Parker 10). He soon had another affair with a woman named Mary Gray. Soonhereafter he was involved with many liaisons with such women as Lady CarolineLamb and then Lady Oxford. Then just as Byron was beginning to live his life the way he had alwayswanted to, his mother dies in 1811. The following year he became immenselyfashionable and notorious. By 1813 he had began another affair with his half-sister Augusta. Continuing his search for the woman of his dreams, he marrysAnabella Milbanke in 1815 and has a daughter the same year. The next year Lady Byron leaves him to visit her parents and neverreturns. Separation papers are signed and he begins another liaison with ClaireClairmont. The following year(1817), they have a baby named Allegra. Not toolong after this he falls in love with yet another woman, named Marianna Segati. His next love happened two years later, Countess Teresa Guiccioli. Manysay she was his last love and his first. Byron met Teresa at an evening party. They soon began meeting secretly because she was married to Count AlessandroGuiccioli. She had auburn curls, large lovely eyes, beautifully shapedshoulders and arms, and an abundant bosom. She was completely intrigued byByrons beauty. Maybe they both felt that fate brought them together. It wascustomary in the code of serventismo for a married woman to have a lover andthe husband wasnt allowed to be jealous. Count Alessandro did know aboutTeresa and Byrons love for each other, but never spoke of it (Trueblood 99). After this liaison ended, Byrons life began to exhale love and devotionin vast quantities. Then his daughter, Allegra, and one of his close friends,Shelley, died in 1822. Two years later Lord Byron himself died. His body wasthen brought to England and buried in family vault at Hucknall Torkard nearNottingham. At his death he was the most famous poet in Europe and the mostnotorious sexual adventurer. READ: The Image of God EssayLord Byron was a professional poet. His letters and journals prove hisconcern to be the best poet around and to be famous was consistently deep andserious. Ambition for power and popularity came first and remained always theprinciple reason for writing. Byron had a great range of interests andexperiences of ideas and emotion than your average man ever did (Boyd 4). Don Juan is, all-in-all, a legendary lover. Familiar with the Don Juanlegend, Byron deliberately altered the traditional character and made him theinnocent victim of womankind. He experiences love by natural disaster, slavery,war, the court, and the aristocracy. Its two main epic themes are love and war(Joseph 74). The first two cantos of the poem Byron wrote were published without anauthor or a publisher. Many thought the poem was novel and powerful, and causedgreat misgivings for Byrons publisher. Others hoped for the poem to bediscontinued. The first sample of Don Juan got a very mixed reception. Byronspublisher, Murray, told him the poem was too outrageously shocking and to reviseit. He did not listen to Murray. He believed in what he had created and hewanted to continue it.

African Americans Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

African Americans - Assignment Example The fact that I chose the incorrect answer to half of the questions on the quiz shows that my knowledge of Native American history, culture and contemporary living conditions could be much better. This might reflect something of an ignorance about these issues in society generally. The figures for suicide attempts among young people were shocking. However, perhaps more surprising still was the fact that within a century of Columbus’ landing in the Americas, over 95% of the Native American population had been wiped out, both through violence and infectious diseases. The inhumane treatment of the existing American population by the first European settlers was quite obviously a terrible and dark period at the beginning of modern American history. That Columbus ordered all those on Haiti who failed to provide sufficient quantities of gold to be killed, and the enslavement of many Native Americans, demonstrates a perception on the part of those early settlers that the Native Americans were inferior beings – a perception which we, living in the 21st century, quite rightly find disturbing and incomprehensible. Perhaps the main thing I learnt is that, while terrible injustices were committed against the Native American populations in past centuries, in many ways the deplorable living conditions in which many of their successors live today means that the period of oppression has not yet been brought to an end. It is sobering to consider that this painful era in our nation’s history continues in some sense. Completing this quiz, and reading the historical and social information it provided, makes me consider myself fortunate to live in an America where all Americans really are citizens. While serious injustices remain, we can at least be confident that the modern US provides a better environment in which they can be resolved. As a business person, I am struck by the inequality of opportunity in our country, with Native American young people